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Scribal Profile
Keio 10 scribe
 
Current Manuscript:Japan, Tokyo, Keio University MS 10
Identification:Unknown
Folios:Fragment: two folios only
Image Rights:We did not obtain permission to use an aspect image for this manuscript. All images on this website are reproduced with permission of the Libraries, Archives, and Owners of the manuscripts. Manuscript images that appear on this website remain in the copyright of the libraries where the manuscripts are held. Use of these images for any purpose other than private study without written permission of those libraries is prohibited by law.
 
A
Usage: a
double compartment 'a' is used exclusively. The upper compartment almost always has an additional stroke at an angle to the right side of the upper compartment.
Usage: and
where suitable there is often a hairline stroke from the added head stroke towards the following graph.
Usage: ragyng
a more ordinary lower case graph.
Usage: And
for upper case 'A' the head stroke may be flat-headed as here or may be set at an angle sloping down to the curving down-stroke.
 
D
Usage: defyede
'd' in initial position. The 'd's are evenly formed, always looped and with triangular lower lobe.
Usage: and
'd' in final position again evenly formed with slight extension but no tag.
Usage: y hydde
Usage: De
upper case 'D' for heading to a section.
 
G
Usage: grape
double compartment 'g' used throughout. Horizontal connecting stroke from upper lobe to the next graph.
Usage: passyng
'g' in final position frequently has a curled extension from the head-stroke from the upper compartment. It must not be confused with the 'er' abbreviation which looks very similar in final position but is a more defined stroke. An example is 'hong(er) on the same folio.
Usage: noght
the 'ght' combination. The curved head-stroke on the top of the upper compartment of 'g' is the same as the stroke on the head of 'a'.
Usage: ygreuede
'g' within a word.
 
H
Usage: his
'h' in initial position with foot at lower left of shaft.
Usage: bereth
'h' in final position following 't' is frequently crossed.
Usage: touche
'h' after 'c' is also crossed.
Usage: ht
the scribe abbreviates 'hit' at the end of a line to save space.
 
R
Usage: 'rounde
long 'r' in initial position. The scribe uses a mixture of 'r' graphs.
Usage: other
modern 'r' used in final position.
Usage: norschynge
'z'-shaped 'r' to follow 'o'. It also follows other graphs including 'p'.
Usage: rorynge
long 'r' in initial and medial position.
 
S
Usage: sup(er)fluyte
sigma 's' in initial position is used throughout.
Usage: pykes
sigma 's' in final position is also consistently used.
Usage: pyssyng
long 's' used in medial positions. Where double 's' appears the first 's' is lower and shorter than the second.
Usage: is strengthe
final sigma 's' followed by initial sigma 's'.
 
W
Usage: well
'w' in initial position. The middle limb is generally a taller element than those on either side.
Usage: ywrong
here the head of the middle element is open as are the majority of 'w's on this folio, perhaps a feature of scribal behaviour in the interests of consistency on a single folio.
Usage: mowthe
'w' in medial position with tall middle element.
Usage: waleweth
two 'w's in the same word.
 
Y
Usage: ys
'y' is frequently dotted. The tail varies in shape, length and curvature. 'y' frequently replaces 'i'.
Usage: body
'y' in final position.
Usage: hy(m) sylfe
'y's abound with this scribe.
Usage: yhydd
'y' used as past participle prefix.
 
Thorn and Upper Case Letters
Usage: þt
thorn is used only occasionally, probably where space is restricted.
Usage: þe
Usage: The
distinctive upper case 'T'.
Usage: Ientellnes
upper case 'I' appears with different numbers of spurs on the left of the main shaft.
Centre for Medieval Studies, University of York, King's Manor, York YO1 7EP